Asupan Energi Protein dan Status Anemia sebagai Determinan Kekurangan Energi Kronik pada Ibu Hamil

Abstract

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of CED increased from 16.9% in 2018 to 17% in 2023, with Gunungkidul Regency consistently reporting the highest prevalence in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. CED contributes to maternal and neonatal mortality as well as low birth weight and is commonly caused by prolonged inadequate energy-protein intake. This study aimed to analyze the effect of energy-protein intake and anemia on the occurrence of CED among pregnant women in Gunungkidul. An observational study with a case-control design was conducted from March to April in primary health care facilities in Gunungkidul. A total of 200 pregnant women were selected using fixed disease sampling. Data were analyzed using logistic regression with Stata 18. The results showed that low energy-protein intake (OR=6.01; p<0.001), anemia (OR=5.87; p<0.001), maternal age (OR=7.15; p<0.001), parity (OR=3.99; p<0.001), and low education level (OR=4.00; p<0.001) were significantly associated with CED. In conclusion, energy-protein intake and anemia significantly influence the occurrence of CED among pregnant women. It is recommended to strengthen nutritional interventions and anemia prevention programs during pregnancy.